All Issue

2025 Vol.37, Issue 2 Preview Page

Research Article

Impact of Cassava Value Addition on Smallholder Farmers’ Income: The Case of Kogi State, Nigeria
Portia Iheyi1
,
Youngjune Kim2*
1Agricultural Officer, Department of Agribusiness and Market Development, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Nigeria
2Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
*Corresponding Author
30 June 2025. pp. 113-122
PDF XML Citation
Abstract

This study investigates the impact of cassava value addition on the income of smallholder farmers in Kogi State, Nigeria. Data from 340 respondents were analyzed using propensity score matching, means, standard deviation, and logit regression model. The primary objective was to assess how value addition practices affect the income levels of smallholder cassava farmers. The results showed significant differences between value adders and non-value adders. Value adders had higher mean ages, education levels, farm sizes, access to credit, market linkages, cooperative membership, and usage of processing equipment. In contrast, non-value adders were predominantly male farmers with more farming experience. Logistic regression analysis revealed that factors such as age, education, farm size, access to credit, and market linkages positively influenced the likelihood of engaging in value addition. Conversely, being male and having more farming experience were negatively associated with value addition. The propensity score matching analysis demonstrated that value addition significantly increased the income of smallholder farmers. The average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) for income was substantial, with nearest neighbor matching showing an increase of ₦113,945.8 and radius matching (0.01) showing an increase of ₦106,141.1. Policymakers and stakeholders should support and promote value addition practices to enhance the income and economic resilience of smallholder cassava farmers.

Keywords
Cassava
Income
Propensity score matching
Value addition
References
1

Adio, E. O., Abu, Y., Yusuf, S. K., Nansoh, S. (2016) Use of agricultural information sources and services by farmers for improve productivity in kwara state. Libr Philos Pract (e-journal) 1456.

2

Ayinde, I. A., Otekunrin, O. A., Akinbode, S. O. (2020) Food security in Nigeria: Impetus for growth and development. J Agric Econ 6:808-820.

3

Baker, J. L. (2000) Evaluating the impact of development projects on poverty: A handbook for practitioners. Washington DC: The World Bank, pp.1-65.

10.1596/0-8213-4697-0
4

Barrett, C. B., Bachke, M. E., Bellemare, M. F., Michelson, H. C., Narayanan, S., Walker, T. F. (2012). Smallholder participation in contract farming: Comparative evidence from five countries. World Dev 40:715-730.

10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.006
5

Coltrain, D., Barton, D., Boland, M. (2000) Value added: Opportunities and strategies (pp.4-18). Arthur Capper Cooperative Center, Department of Agricultural Economics, Kansas State University. Kansas City.

6

Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2011) Women in Agriculture, Choosing the gender gap for development. The State of Food and Agriculture, FAO, Rome, Italy.

7

Food and Agriculture Organization Statistics (FAOSTAT) (2021) Food and Agriculture Data, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.

8

Friedlander, D., Robins, P. (1995) Evaluating program evaluations: New evidence on commonly used nonexperimental methods. Am Econ Rev 85:923-937.

9

IITA (2004) The Nigerian Cassava industry: Statistical Handbook.

10

Iyer, S., Mattinson, D. S., Fellman, J. K. (2010) Study of the early events leading to cassava root postharvest deterioration. Tropical Plant Biol 3:151-165.

10.1007/s12042-010-9052-3
11

Kogi ADP (2017) Cassava utilization Survey, Kogi Agricultural Development Project, Lokoja. p.18.

12

Kogi State Government (2022) Indigenous Languages Spoken in Kogi State. Retrieved from https://www.kogi statehub.gov.ng

13

Musa, S. M., Samuel, E. B., Sani, M., Mari, E. (2022) Cassava production, processing and utilization in Nigeria: A review. Afr Scholar J Biotechnol Agric Res 26:43-64.

14

National Agricultural Extension and Research Liaison Services (NAERLS) (2010) Cassava Production, Processing and Utilization. NAERLS, ABU, Zaria, Nigeria.

15

National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2020) Benue State Socio-Economic Data. Retrieved from https://www. nigerianstat.gov.ng/

16

National Population Commission (NPC) (2006) Census Report. National Population Commission (NPC). Abuja, Nigeria.

17

Ogunyinka, V. (2021) Kogi at 30: The journey so far. Vanguard News.

18

Oluwatayo, I. B., Ojo, A. O. (2016) Awareness and adaptation to climate change among yam-based farmers in rural oyo state, Nigeria. J Dev Areas 50:97-108.

10.1353/jda.2016.0078
19

Oluwole, J. (2022) Terrorists threat: Ekiti, Kwara reach agreement on boundary patrol. Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 26th June 2024.

20

Oyaniran, T. (2020) AfCFTA: Current State of Nigeria Agriculture and Agribusiness Sector. Pricewaterhouse Coopers (PwC), Nigeria.

21

Pingali, P. (2015) Agricultural policy and food security: A developing country perspective. World Dev 74:288-300.

22

Rosenbaum, P. R., Rubin, D. B. (1983) The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70:41-55.

10.1093/biomet/70.1.41
23

Simonyan, K. (2015) African journal of agricultural research cassava post-harvest processing and storage in Nigeria: A review. Afr J Agric Res 9:3853-3863.

24

Wanyama, R. N., Mshenga, P. M., Orr, A., Christie, M. E., Simtowe, F. P. (2013) A gendered analysis of the effect of peanut value addition on household income in Rongo and Ndhiwa districts of Kenya. Invited paper presented at the 4th International Conference of the African Association of Agricultural Economists, September 22-25, 2013, Hammamet, Tunisia.

25

Wenham, J. E. (1995) Post-harvest deterioration of cassava a biotechnological perspective. FAO, Rome.

Information
  • Publisher :Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University
  • Publisher(Ko) :None
  • Journal Title :Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
  • Volume : 37
  • No :2
  • Pages :113-122
  • Received Date : 2025-04-04
  • Revised Date : 2025-04-25
  • Accepted Date : 2025-05-14
  • DOI :https://doi.org/10.22698/jales.20250009
Journal Informaiton Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
Online Submission & Review System
Journal Informaiton Journal Informaiton - close