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Review Article
- Identifying Emerging Risks in Ground Reinforcement Systems and Sensor Integration Using Text Mining
- Cherry Rose Godes, Shanelle Aira Rodrigazo, Junhwi Cho, Yongseong Kim, Seungjoo Lee, Yongjin Kim, Jaeheum Yeon
- Ground reinforcement systems (GRS) are vital for stabilizing rock and soil in geotechnical applications such as slopes, tunnels, and mines. Although conventional …
- Ground reinforcement systems (GRS) are vital for stabilizing rock and soil in geotechnical applications such as slopes, tunnels, and mines. Although conventional risk factors, such as mechanical stress, corrosion, and improper installation, have been well studied, the emerging risks associated with environmental conditions, dynamic loads, and sensor-integrated monitoring remain underexplored. Sensor integration facilitates continuous monitoring and proactive interventions; however, it also presents challenges, such as calibration sensitivity, potential sensor malfunctions, and complex data interpretation needs. In this study, a scoping review is conducted following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and text mining and network analysis are applied to examine the relationships between reinforcement components and risk factors. The findings revealed key emerging risks, including freeze-thaw cycles, non-uniform pretension, and sensor reliability issues. By categorizing risks into four domains, namely, geological and environmental factors, failure modes, engineering and design factors, and installation and operational factors—the study aimed to highlight the interactions that may compromise reinforcement stability. These implications emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to design, installation, and monitoring in order to mitigate emerging risks, particularly because sensor technology is becoming increasingly more integral to infrastructure safety. By addressing poorly assessed risks associated with ground reinforcement, this study contributes to the existing literature and provides insights that can contribute to guiding future geotechnical engineering strategies, emphasizing adaptive design and robust monitoring systems to enhance long-term stability. Future research should examine adaptive sensor calibration and material resilience to further advance safety practices. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Effect of Potassium Nitrate Priming in the Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Soybean
- Jean Nyandwi, Amit Ghimire, Waleed Khan, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam, Liny Lay, Nusrat Jahan Methela, Byung‑Wook Yun, Yoonha Kim
- Poor germination and seedling establishment are major causes of low soybean (Glycine max Merr.) production. Seed priming is an effective method …
- Poor germination and seedling establishment are major causes of low soybean (Glycine max Merr.) production. Seed priming is an effective method for addressing these challenges and improving both seed germination and seedling establishment. In this study, we examined the effects of varying concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 100 mM) of potassium nitrate (KNO3) combined with different durations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h) of priming on germination and early seedling establishment parameters in two soybean varieties (Daechan and Pungsannamul). Priming with 50 and 100 mM of KNO3 increased the germination percentage (GP) by 20% on average in both varieties. An increase of 32% (Daechan) and 34% (Pungsannamul) was observed in the germination rate index (GRI), along with an increase in the seed vigor index (VI) of 40% and 36%, respectively. The mean germination time (MGT) was, on average, 6% higher in the control group than in the treated groups after 4 h of priming in both varieties. Radicle length (RL) increased by 29% (50 mM for 3 h) and 34% (100 mM for 4 h) in Daechan and Pungsannamul, respectively. Seedling dry biomass (SB) did not differ significantly between the varieties across all treatments or priming durations. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the level of the gibberellic acid-related gene GmGA3ox increased significantly by 30% in Daechan and tripled in the primed seeds of Pungsannamul. In contrast, the level of the abscisic acid-related gene GmNCED5 decreased by 25% in Daechan and 15% in Pungsannamul primed seeds. We examined different combinations of priming concentrations and durations of KNO3 application to enhance our understanding of how these factors can improve soybean seed germination and seedling establishment. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
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Assessment of Soil Water Holding Capacity using MODIS Images and Soil Moisture Data Assimilation Scheme
MODIS 이미지와 토양수분자료동화기법을 이용한 토양의 수분보유능력 평가
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Yongchul Shin
신용철
- In this study, we assessed the soil water-holding capacity by combining satellite-based MODIS data and a soil moisture data assimilation scheme. MODIS …
- In this study, we assessed the soil water-holding capacity by combining satellite-based MODIS data and a soil moisture data assimilation scheme. MODIS data were converted to soil moisture products based on the empirical model suggested by Scott et al.(2013). We derived the Effective Soil Hydraulic Properties (ESHP) from MODIS soil moisture products and simulated the soil moisture dynamics based on the derived ESHP values. In addition, the MODIS-scale Field Capacity (FC)/Permanent Wilting Point (PWP) and Available Water Content (AWC) values, based on the Effective Soil Characteristics (ESC) converted from the derived ESHP values, were estimated to assess the soil water-holding capacity. The estimated MODIS soil moisture products matched well with the TDR (time-domain reflectometry) measurements. The good agreement between the TDR/MODIS data and soil moisture estimates demonstrates the applicability of the data assimilation scheme in deriving ESHP/ESC values. The FC/WP and AWC values based on the derived ESC values showed relatively high variations (especially for forest regions) in the spatial domain, whereas those estimated by the soil characteristics available from the Rural Development Association (RDA) showed fewer differences. It is inferred that the high variations are due to the ESC values derived from the data assimilation scheme, which considers both soil physical and environmental factors. Thus, our proposed approach can be useful for assessing the soil water-holding capacity, representing regional conditions. - COLLAPSE
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Assessment of Soil Water Holding Capacity using MODIS Images and Soil Moisture Data Assimilation Scheme
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Research Article
- Effects of Centaurea cyanus Methanolic Extract on Antioxidant Activity and Anti-inflammatory Effects in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages
- So-Yeon Kim, Se-Hyun Kim, Se Jin Park
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS), naturally produced during activities such as mitochondrial respiration, are crucial for intracellular signaling. However, excessive ROS causes oxidative …
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS), naturally produced during activities such as mitochondrial respiration, are crucial for intracellular signaling. However, excessive ROS causes oxidative stress to proteins, DNA, and lipids, resulting in the expression of growth factors, cell cycle regulators, inflammatory cytokines, and nitric oxide (NO). Excessive production of NO and inflammatory cytokines can damage tissues and cells in pathological conditions. To help regulate these processes, numerous phytochemicals from plants are frequently used to reduce oxidative stress and exhibit anti-inflammatory, lipolytic, and immune-boosting effects. Centaurea cyanus, a member of the Asteraceae family, contains compounds such as α-tocopherol, citric acid, and succinic acid, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Although the traditional use of Centaurea cyanus petals in European medicine for ocular, neurological, dermatological, and gastrointestinal disorders is well-established, studies on its full potential remain limited. This study explored the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Centaurea cyanus extract on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. The extract comprised 33.76 ± 1.27 and 26.84 ± 0.16 mg/g of total polyphenols and total tannins, respectively (equivalent to gallic acid), as well as 45.28 ± 17.03 mg/g of flavonoids (equivalent to catechin). Furthermore, the extract exhibited notable antioxidant activity by effectively scavenging DPPH (SC50 = 271.77 ± 3.07 µg/mL) and ABTS (SC50 = 397.51 ± 24.71 µg/mL) radicals. Additionally, it suppressed NO production and downregulated the expression of iNOS and COX-2 enzymes in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages without cytotoxicity. The extract reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α at mRNA and protein levels. Centaurea cyanus extract exhibits potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, highlighting its potential as a functional material. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Antioxidant Activity of Aceriphyllum rossi Leaf Extracts using Different Solvents
- Jaehee Lee, Jaehyung Yi, Ki-yeon Lee, Eunha Jang, Youngho Seo, Ki-seon Kim
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Aceriphyllum rossii leaf (ARL) extracts obtained using water and 10%, …
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Aceriphyllum rossii leaf (ARL) extracts obtained using water and 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70% ethanol solutions as extraction solvents. These different extracts obtained from ARL, traditionally recognized for its health benefits, were analyzed to determine the effect of different solvent concentrations on the antioxidant extraction efficiency and antioxidant activities of these extracts. Antioxidant assays, including the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) radical scavenging assays and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power) assays, were performed to quantify the free radical scavenging capacity of each extract, alongside the measurements of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. The results revealed that ethanol extracts consistently exhibited higher antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents than those of water extracts, with the 50% ethanol extract achieving the highest total polyphenol (381.27 mg/g) and flavonoid contents (176.53 mg/g). Both 30% and 50% ethanol extracts demonstrated superior free radical scavenging activities, suggesting mid-range ethanol concentrations as optimal for efficiently extracting antioxidant compounds from ARL. Notably, the 30% ethanol extract maintained high antioxidant efficacy while using a lower ethanol concentration, which provides a cost-effective solution for industrial applications by reducing ethanol recovery and solvent costs. Therefore, the 30% ethanol extract presents a practical choice for large-scale production, with potential applications as a natural antioxidant in functional foods and cosmetics. These findings highlight the importance of ARL as a promising source of antioxidants, emphasizing that optimal solvent selection can enhance both economic feasibility and functional benefits. Future studies are recommended to explore the in vivo efficacy and safety of ethanol-based ARL extracts, aiming to expand their potential as a versatile ingredient in health-promoting products. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Anti-obesity Effect of Protein Hydrolysate Derived from Japanese Rhinoceros Beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) Larvae
- Gang Hoon Lee, Hye young Jin, Tai Hyeon Ahn, Jiyeon Sim, Jun Ho Lee, Tae Yun Choi, Jang Woo Park, Mi Jeong Kim, Mi Hye Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Saeyoull Cho
- In this study, the anti-obesity effects of protein hydrolysates derived from Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) larvae were investigated. Four …
- In this study, the anti-obesity effects of protein hydrolysates derived from Japanese rhinoceros beetle (Allomyrina dichotoma) larvae were investigated. Four different hydrolysate fractions were assessed: Flavourzyme 10 kDa, Flavourzyme 30 kDa, Protana 10 kDa, and Protana 30 kDa. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that over 80% of cells remained viable in the presence of up to 250 µg/mL hydrolysate. Among the tested samples, Flavourzyme 10 kDa (200 µg/mL) was the most effective in suppressing the expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), key proteins involved in lipid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oil Red O staining further confirmed that Flavourzyme 10 kDa (200 µg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation. These results suggest that the Flavourzyme 10 kDa hydrolysate at 200 µg/mL holds promise as a functional anti-obesity ingredient in pet food products. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Bioactivity of Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Rhus chinensis
- Sung-Jin Park, Min-Song Kim, Ji-Won Han, Woo-Sik Kim, Jeong-Eun Lee, Mi-Kyung Jang
- This study aimed to maximize the beneficial effects of Rhus chinensis by developing an effective method to extract active compounds. Rhus chinensis …
- This study aimed to maximize the beneficial effects of Rhus chinensis by developing an effective method to extract active compounds. Rhus chinensis extracts were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction methods, followed by analyses of the gallic acid content, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant, whitening, and antibacterial effects. The supercritical carbon dioxide extract showed a very high gallic acid content (i.e., 15.22%) and total polyphenol content (268.10%). The antioxidant effects were correlated with the total polyphenol content, and the antibacterial effects were correlated with the gallic acid content. We confirmed that supercritical carbon dioxide extracts of R. chinensis displayed antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects and have potential applications as a safe and natural antioxidant material. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- A Study on the Concentration and Diversity of Fungi According to Changes in Temperature and Humidity Inside and Outside the National Arboretum Tropical Plant Resource Center
- Gang Hoon Lee, Hye young Jin, Tai Hyeon Ahn, Jiyeon Sim, Jun Ho Lee, Tae Yun Choi, Jang Woo Park, Mi Jeong Kim, Mi Hye Kim, Jong Myeong Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Saeyoull Cho
- This study was conducted in the National Arboretum Tropical Plant Resource Center to investigate the effects of changes in internal and external …
- This study was conducted in the National Arboretum Tropical Plant Resource Center to investigate the effects of changes in internal and external temperature and humidity on the concentration and diversity of fungi. The interior was divided into two sites: SITE 1 (high tree density) and SITE 2 (low tree density, abundant sunlight). The interior environment maintained higher temperature and humidity than the exterior, creating favorable conditions for fungal growth. A diverse array of fungi was found at high concentrations within the Tropical Plant Resource Center, including several species (Cladosporium sp., Cladosporium sphaerospermum, and Fusarium sp.) known to be harmful to human health. These findings suggest that the high temperature and humidity levels inside the tropical plant resource center promote fungal proliferation and pose potential health risks to visitors, particularly those with respiratory sensitivities. This study underscores the need for establishing guidelines and monitoring systems for biological agents in indoor environments, especially in public facilities, such as botanical gardens. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
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Revision Demand and Direction of National Policy for Soil Erosion Survey
토양유실 조사 지침의 개정 필요성 및 방안
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Won Hee Woo, Minhwan Shin, Youn Shik Park
우원희, 신민환, 박윤식
- National guidelines for understanding soil erosion have been implemented since 2013 through the Public Notice on the Current Status of Topsoil Erosion …
- National guidelines for understanding soil erosion have been implemented since 2013 through the Public Notice on the Current Status of Topsoil Erosion (PNCSTE). PNCSTE is composed of three phases, although only two phases are stated in the body of the text. The first phase uses the USLE to identify the regions, and the second and third phases are used to monitor the actual soil erosion in the fields. These components appear to be reasonable approaches for understanding soil erosion. However, several limitations to these guidelines have been revealed over the past 10 years. The limitations of this study were investigated and suggestions were made for areas requiring revision. First, recent rainfall data must be collected and used to determine rainfall factors. Second, the guidelines need to be divided into two phases: one is to identify the regions to measure soil erosion using a modeling approach, and the other is to measure soil erosion in the regions without modeling. Third, there is a need to provide a standard for evaluating soil erosion so that soil erosion measurements can be continued in other regions. The last suggestion is to use a spatial unit to implement the measurements, which is the field or watershed scale. This study is expected to lead to the revision of practical guidelines. - COLLAPSE
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Revision Demand and Direction of National Policy for Soil Erosion Survey
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Research Article
- The Effects of Coconut Conservation Policy on the Domestic Farmgate Price of Coconuts in the Philippines
- Santos Emiliano III, Youngjune Kim
- The Philippine coconut industry, a significant contributor to the country’s agricultural sector, plays a central role in the national economy, providing 60% …
- The Philippine coconut industry, a significant contributor to the country’s agricultural sector, plays a central role in the national economy, providing 60% of the global coconut supply and employing 2.5 million farmers. However, the industry faces a number of challenges, particularly the fragmented policies that influence the productivity and farm gate prices of coconuts. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of these conservation policies on coconut farm prices, evaluate the impact of actual and counterfactual events, and provide policy insights for broader interventions beneficial to the coconut industry. We investigated the impacts of two conservation policies (RA 8048 in 1996 and RA 10593 in 2014) on coconut farm prices using a synthetic control method, which was used to construct a synthetic coconut model from other agricultural commodities to compare the actual and counterfactual price trends. The results revealed that prior policy implementation, actual and synthetic coconut prices followed similar upward trends, whereas subsequent to enactment of the policies, actual coconut prices declined and synthetic prices continued to rise, indicating the negative effects of conservation policies. These policies contributed to enhancing coconut supply, thereby driving down farm gate prices in line with the economic supply–demand theory. Furthermore, by revealing significant post-policy price disparities, placebo tests confirmed the validity of the results. On the basis of our findings in this study, we conclude that conservation policies reduce coconut prices, and we accordingly recommend continued interventions to stabilize supply and ensure global competitiveness. Strengthening the coconut value chain via technological adoption, community empowerment, and government support is essential for improving farmers’ income and industry sustainability. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Evaluating Technological Progress and Energy Consumption in Korean Agricultural Sectors: An Application of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Approach
- Hoyeon Jeong
- This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption, technological progress, value-added agriculture, and arable land in the Korean agricultural sector. We introduce …
- This study investigates the relationship between energy consumption, technological progress, value-added agriculture, and arable land in the Korean agricultural sector. We introduce an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to examine the short- and long-run relationships among variables using a bounds test. We found that an increase in agricultural Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is associated with a 0.021% decrease in energy consumption in the agricultural sector in the long run. Moreover, we confirm the Kuznets curve hypothesis, in which the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in the agricultural sector shows an inverted U-shape. This means that energy consumption increases at the initial stage of economic development in the agricultural sector but eventually decreases at a later stage. Finally, we confirmed that the expansion of arable land leads to an increase in energy consumption in the short run, whereas the relationship is reversed in the long run. This may have resulted from a decreasing trend in the arable land size used for Korean agricultural production. Our findings will help policymakers develop educational programs for farmers to enhance their productivity and use energy sources efficiently. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Utilization of Biochar for the Restoration of Wildfire-damaged Soils
- Won Seok Jang, Taehui Yang, Yong Gu Lee, Min-Woo Kang, Se-Jin Oh
- Wildfire-damaged soil is considerably barren, making soil improvement essential for forest restoration. In this study, biochar (BC) was used to restore wildfire-damaged …
- Wildfire-damaged soil is considerably barren, making soil improvement essential for forest restoration. In this study, biochar (BC) was used to restore wildfire-damaged soil, and its efficiency was evaluated through germination and cultivation tests. Rice husk-based BC (RBC) and RBC modified by deep sea water (RBCR and RBCC) were used in this study. The surface areas of RBCR and RBCC were enhanced compared with that of RBC, and modification with deep sea water caused significant changes in the surface area and functional groups. In the germination test, BC treatment improved plant germination and growth by 20 and 45%, respectively, and we found that BC could be utilized as a growth stimulator. Similarly, the kimchi cabbage cultivation test showed that the addition of BC increased both the growth index and yield. These results were attributed to the improvement of the physicochemical properties of wildfire-damaged soil, and we observed that BC treatment contributed to an increase in soil nutrient and water contents. Based on these results, RBCR is considered a suitable material for improving the physicochemical properties of wildfire-damaged soil compared with RBC. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Analysis of Wind Speed and Direction Characteristics in Forests Based on Forest Road Facilities
- Yun-Sung Choi, Jin-Seong Hwang
- Due to the recent impacts of climate change, forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger throughout the year. There is controversy …
- Due to the recent impacts of climate change, forest fires are becoming more frequent and larger throughout the year. There is controversy over whether forest roads increase the risk of fire hazard by providing wind corridors. However, there is no scientific evidence to support these claims. More than research on the interaction between forest roads and wind is required. This study installed wind speed and wind direction sensors in two large forest fire areas (Site 1: Goseong-gun, Gangwon-do (GG), Site 2: Uljin-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do (UG) at various forest road locations (valley, ridge, and slope) and forest. Data was collected during the spring and summer to analyze wind characteristics related to the forest road facilities. The wind direction analysis in two large forest fire areas revealed diverse patterns unrelated to the location of forest roads. Also, forest roads needed to channel or affect wind flow consistently. The wind speed analysis showed significant wind speed differences related to forest road locations within forest areas in GG, regardless of the period (p < 0.05). Wind speed intensity followed the ridge, valley, slope, and forest order. Similarly, in UG, significant differences in wind speed were observed (p < 0.05). During the spring, wind speed intensity ranked as forest, valley, ridge, and slope; in the summer, it changed to forest, slope, ridge, and valley, depending on different location conditions (regional characteristics) and terrain. Considering that only the spring and summer seasons have been examined, additional data analysis for all four seasons is necessary. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
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Assessment of Agricultural Return Flow Impacts on Stream Flow using the Water Balance Method
물수지 분석 기법을 이용한 논 농업용수 회귀수의 하천유량 기여도 평가
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Taehwa Lee, Jonggun Kim, Younghun Jung, Jin-hyeon Park, Sangwoo Kim, Kyungmo Kim, Kyung-Sook Choi, Kyoung-jae Lim, Yongchul Shin
이태화, 김종건, 정영훈, 박진현, 김상우, 김경모, 최경숙, 임경재, 신용철
- In this study, we assessed the contribution of agricultural Stream Return Flow (SRF) from paddy fields to stream flow using a water …
- In this study, we assessed the contribution of agricultural Stream Return Flow (SRF) from paddy fields to stream flow using a water balance model. The SRF, which includes Rapid Return Flow, Base Return Flow, and Distributed Management Water, was estimated by excluding evapotranspiration, Delayed Return Flow, and Channel Loss from the agricultural Irrigation Water Supply. For this purpose, we selected the Hungup, Sotae, and Woljeong reservoirs, located in the provinces of Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeollabuk-do, respectively. Overall, the SRF amounts from the Hungup, Sotae, and Woljeong reservoirs showed positive contributions (28.1%, 49.6%, and 76.3%, respectively) to the stream flow. Our findings also indicated that the contributions of SRF varied over time, influenced by environmental factors such as precipitation, water requirements for individual crop growth stages, and artificial water management practices. These results confirm that SRF contributes to the health of agricultural environments by maintaining the quantity of stream flow. - COLLAPSE
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Assessment of Agricultural Return Flow Impacts on Stream Flow using the Water Balance Method
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Research Article
- Effects of Nutrient Amendments on Fermented Pig Manure Liquid Fertilizer for Hydroponic Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivation
- Wonkyoung Lee, Shinjae Jeon, Jaehee Won
- The modified pig manure fermented liquid fertilizer (MPMLF) demonstrated improved characteristics compared to the pig manure fermented liquid fertilizer (PMLF). Specifically, the …
- The modified pig manure fermented liquid fertilizer (MPMLF) demonstrated improved characteristics compared to the pig manure fermented liquid fertilizer (PMLF). Specifically, the ion concentrations of Na, K, and Cl were lower in MPMLF, while the concentrations of ammonium N (NH4-N), nitrate N (NO3-N), Ca, and P were higher, effectively addressing ion imbalances. The impact of nutrient amendments to the PMLF was evident from the early growth stages. The fresh weights of all three lettuce varieties (Ezabel, Ezatrix, and Seonpungpochap) were doubled in the MPMLF treatment compared to the PMLF treatment 28 days after transplanting. In the drainage, the ion concentrations of NO3-N, P, and Ca were initially higher in the MPMLF treatment but decreased as plant growth progressed, ultimately falling below the appropriate concentration levels. Similarly, ion concentrations in the lettuce plant sap were 2.5 times higher in the MPMLF treatment than in the PMLF treatment across all varieties. Furthermore, the NO3-N concentrations in the plant sap across all treatments were below 800 mg/kg, indicating the potential to produce lettuce with low NO3-N levels. These results highlight the potential of MPMLF to enhance the utilization of livestock waste, such as pig manure, in agriculture. Further studies are recommended to optimize the use of livestock waste for sustainable agricultural practices. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Status Survey on the Cultivation Patterns and Harvesting Operations of Spring and Summer Potatoes
- Kwangmo Kim, Jeonghun Kim, Moonkyeong Jang, Juseok Nam
- In this study, we investigated the cultivation patterns and harvesting operations of spring and summer potatoes in South Korea to standardize potato …
- In this study, we investigated the cultivation patterns and harvesting operations of spring and summer potatoes in South Korea to standardize potato cultivation patterns and the use of harvesting machinery. The main production areas selected for the survey included Andong-si in Gyeongsangbuk-do for spring potatoes and Pyeongchang-gun and Jeongseon-gun in Gangwon-do for summer potatoes. Through the survey, we measured ridge width, furrow width, planting distance, and spacing in the row for cultivation patterns. The status of harvesting operations was surveyed, including yield, the rate of marketable potatoes, digging damage rate, digging loss rate, and work efficiency. The results of the cultivation pattern showed that both single and double-row cultivation patterns were employed for spring potatoes, while only the single-row pattern was utilized for summer potatoes. The status of the harvesting operation showed that yield was higher for summer potatoes than spring potatoes. Single-row cultivation of spring potatoes yielded the highest rates of marketable potatoes but suffered the most digging damage with the greatest loss rates. Additionally, the need for developing an excavation and collection type harvester was identified by analyzing the manpower and machinery work efficiency. Our findings provide the basic data for future research aimed at standardizing potato cultivation patterns and the use of harvesting machinery. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Evaluation of a Prototype Double-conveyor Sweet Potato Harvester for Low-damage Rate
- Jinho Won, Dae Cheol Kim, Juneyoung Han, Og Ran Park, Yongjin Cho
- In this study, a double-conveyor sweet potato harvester was developed and its performance was evaluated based on digging and damage rates. The …
- In this study, a double-conveyor sweet potato harvester was developed and its performance was evaluated based on digging and damage rates. The double-conveyor sweet potato harvester was designed to have digging blade length of 500 mm and a conveying part with a long chain length of 2,000 mm. Rubber packing was mounted on the conveying part to reduce damage to sweet potatoes during conveying. The performance of the newly developed harvester was compared with those of a vibration digging-type harvester and plow-type working machinery. A harvest test was carried out in a sweet potato cultivation area located in Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do, where the soil texture was red clay loam. The sweet potato variety was Beniharuka. The driving speed of the agricultural tractor was set to approximately 1 km/h, and the PTO (power take-off) rotational velocity was set to 1st stage (540 rpm). The digging ratios for the vibration digging-type sweet potato harvester and the plow-type working machinery were 92.48% and 97.10%, respectively. The double-conveyor sweet potato harvester showed a digging ratio of approximately 98.59%. The damage ratios were 77.10% for the vibration digging-type sweet potato harvester, 53.42% for the plow-type working machinery, and approximately 29.55% for the double-conveyor-type sweet potato harvester. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Effect of Harvest Times and Irrigation Conditions of Jeju Red-fleshed Pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Fruit Quality
- Rina Lee, Myunghyup Oh, Jeongmin Lee, Dongeun Oh, Hyeonju Lee, Jonghoon Kang
- This study was conducted to provide data for cultivation and physiology research to improve the fruit quality of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus …
- This study was conducted to provide data for cultivation and physiology research to improve the fruit quality of red-fleshed pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) by investigating the effects of harvest time and irrigation conditions. To analyze the effect of harvest time on fruit quality, fruit quality characteristics were investigated from July to October. The irrigation conditions were divided into high- and low-water conditions to analyze changes in soil water potential and major free sugar composition of fruit. Pitaya is low in fructose and sucrose, which have high sweetness intensities in sensory evaluation, and high in glucose, which has a low sweetness intensity. These characteristics do not significantly enhance the consumption of red-fleshed pitaya, which exhibits lower sweetness intensity compared with other fruits with similar total soluble solids (TSS). Our results showed that the fruit length, width, weight, acidity, and firmness under high-water conditions showed no significant differences compared with those under low-water conditions. The sugar content was higher under low-water conditions than under high-water conditions in soil, and the increase in fructose and sucrose was higher than the increase in glucose. Our investigation showed that larger fruits tended to have higher TSS. The growth of larger fruits can be enhanced by removing excess flowers and smaller fruits. Thus, our results will provide useful information for establishing cultivation methods to improve the quality of red fleshed pitaya. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
- Evaluating the Influence of Various Light Spectra on the Growth and Morphological Responses of Air Plant (Tillandsia ionantha Planch.) Grown under Non-substrate and Restricted Irrigation Conditions in a Controlled Environment Facility
- Jae Hwan Lee, In Tae Jang, Eun A Kim, Eun Ji Shin, Samuel Lee, Mija Lee, Sang Yong Nam
- In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient cultivation method for Tillandsia ionantha, which is commonly known as an …
- In the present study, we aimed to establish an efficient cultivation method for Tillandsia ionantha, which is commonly known as an air plant and is distributed as an ornamental succulent. This species was cultivated using non-substrate cultivation methods in a controlled environment, and the influence of various light spectra on its growth was investigated. The light-emitting diode (LED) light sources used included red (630 nm), green (520 nm), blue (450 nm), purple phyto-LED (450 nm, 650 nm, and far-red wavelengths), warm white (3000 K), natural white (4100 K), and cool white (6500 K) lights. The results showed that shoot length, root length, and leaf width significantly increased under monochromatic blue LED light, highlighting its effectiveness in promoting plant size. In contrast, root and leaf numbers were most effectively enhanced under cool white LED light, highlighting the suitability of broad-spectrum light for balanced root and leaf development. Biomass analysis revealed a growth imbalance between the shoot and root parts, with root biomass being the highest under warm white and cool white LED lights. Red LED light increased relative water content in shoots, indicating its potential for enhancing water retention. Additionally, the external quality of T. ionantha, evaluated using the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage Lab (CIELAB) color space values, revealed significant changes in leaf coloration under various light spectra. The highest L* value was observed under the natural white LED treatment, whereas the a* and b* parameters varied significantly depending on the light spectra. These findings underscore the importance of light spectrum selection in optimizing T. ionantha various parameters and suggest that a combination of monochromatic and broad-spectrum light can be used complementarily for balanced growth and external quality. This study provides foundational data for the stable cultivation of epiphytic plant species in a controlled environment facility, supporting their broader application in the ornamental plant industry and indoor horticultural projects. - COLLAPSE
Journal Informaiton
Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University
강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업생명과학연구원
1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea
Tel: +82-33-250-6408 / Fax: +82-33-259-5743 / E-mail: alsri@kangwon.ac.kr Copyright© Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University
Tel: +82-33-250-6408 / Fax: +82-33-259-5743 / E-mail: alsri@kangwon.ac.kr Copyright© Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University