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Review Article
- Analysis of Research into Biomass Conversion Technologies
- Sunyong Park, Kwang Cheol Oh, Seok Jun Kim, Paudel Padam Prasad, Seon Yeop Kim, Ha Eun Kim, Jae Youl Shin, DaeHyun Kim
- The increase in fossil fuel use, brought about by industrial growth, and its adverse effects on climate change through increased CO2 …
- The increase in fossil fuel use, brought about by industrial growth, and its adverse effects on climate change through increased CO2 emissions and environmental pollution, were addressed in this study. The aim of this study was to further reduce dependence on fossil fuels and their adverse effects on the environment by evaluating alternative energy sources, such as biomass. The statistics and trends associated with global energy consumption and the move to renewable energy sources were analyzed. In particular, biomass has potential as a long-term energy source. Therefore, mechanical, thermochemical, and biochemical biomass conversion technologies were examined to evaluate their effectiveness and environmental impact. The results showed that the use of renewable energy considerably increased from 6.17 billion tonne of equivalent (TOE) in 2018 to 9.53 billion TOE in 2021. In particular, the results showed that biomass, and bioenergy represented 26.99% of all renewable energy sources and made important contributions to renewable energy production. The analysis of mechanical, thermochemical, and biochemical conversion techniques showed that each technique has unique benefits and drawbacks with regard to cost effectiveness, environmental sustainability, and energy efficiency. This study concludes that there are still a large number of challenges to be overcome, even though biomass and other renewable energy sources are essential when attempting to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and enhance environmental sustainability. Overcoming these challenges requires cutting-edge conversion technologies, expensive initial setups, byproduct management, and creativity. New laws and public-private collaborations should be encouraged to help promote biomass as a practical substitute and to increase the uptake and application of renewable energy technologies. - COLLAPSE
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Research Article
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Evaluation of Applicability of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Road Crack Prediction in Gangwon-do
강원도 도로 균열 예측을 위한 인공지능 기술 적용성 평가
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Hey Kyo Lee, Kyoung Jae Lim
이혜교, 임경재
- It is important to predict road cracks efficiently in advance for effective road maintenance. The aim of this study was to develop …
- It is important to predict road cracks efficiently in advance for effective road maintenance. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a road crack prediction model for Gangwon-do using Google Teachable Machine Learning (TML). The training data consisted of asphalt (38 cracked, 31 normal) and concrete (38 cracked, 22 normal) road photos categorized into four classes. Twenty road photos (five from each class) were used for testing. Analysis of the average performance of the trained model showed that it predicted the cracked state of asphalt and concrete roads with accuracies of 94.2% and 95%, respectively, and the normal state with accuracies of 98.6% and 91.4%, respectively. The results indicated that the TML-based road crack prediction model is highly applicable for predicting the crack status of roads in Gangwon-do. However, additional data must be obtained to improve the predictive performance of this model. The findings of this study are expected to assist nonspecialists without machine learning expertise in developing artificial intelligence models for predicting road cracks in practical field applications. - COLLAPSE
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Evaluation of Applicability of Artificial Intelligence Technology for Road Crack Prediction in Gangwon-do
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Research Article
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Analysis of Differences in Zooplankton Community Structure according to Salinity of Lagoons
석호들의 염분도에 따른 동물플랑크톤 군집구조의 차이 분석
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JaeYong Lee, YoonHee Kim, Kangyeol Lee, Yongsoon Choi, Jaeseok Choi
이재용, 김윤희, 이광열, 최영순, 최재석
- This study investigated the Hwajinpo, Youngrang, and Gyongpo Lakes, which have different hydrological characteristics, to identify differences in zooplankton community structure distributed …
- This study investigated the Hwajinpo, Youngrang, and Gyongpo Lakes, which have different hydrological characteristics, to identify differences in zooplankton community structure distributed in lagoons on the east coast. The average salinity among the three lagoons showed clear differences affecting zooplankton species composition. Canonical correspondence analysis between zooplankton species and environmental factors also showed that zooplankton communities were highly correlated with salinity. We confirmed that zooplankton community structure can be an effective biological indicator for predicting environmental changes, including salinity in the lagoon ecosystem. These insights should aid the future establishment of management and response measures for the lagoon ecosystem. - COLLAPSE
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Analysis of Differences in Zooplankton Community Structure according to Salinity of Lagoons
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Research Article
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Investigation of Germination Success, Post-germination Growth, and Physiological Characteristics of Betula platyphylla var. japonica Seeds Subjected to Various Short-term Dry-cold Treatment Periods
다양한 단기 건조 저온처리 기간의 영향을 받은 자작나무 종자의 발아율과 발아 후 생육 및 생리적 특성 조사
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Eun A Kim, Jae Hwan Lee, Eun Ji Shin, Jae Jung Ahn, Sang Yong Nam
김은아, 이재환, 신은지, 안재정, 남상용
- Betula platyphylla var. japonica, a member of the Betulaceae family, is a temperate landscape tree species with significant industrial value. This …
- Betula platyphylla var. japonica, a member of the Betulaceae family, is a temperate landscape tree species with significant industrial value. This study investigated the effects of short-term dry-cold treatment periods that ranged from 0 to 60 days on the germination success of B. platyphylla var. japonica seeds and their post-germination growth and physiological characteristics. The short-term dry-cold treatment periods were 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, and 60 days. The results revealed that seeds subjected to a 30-day dry-cold treatment period exhibited the highest germination percentage, seedling survival rate, and germination energy, whereas relatively longer dry-cold treatment periods significantly decreased these parameters. Furthermore, the control without any dry-cold treatment exhibited a more pronounced decrease in these parameters. In contrast, the 15-day dry-cold treatment period was observed to be most beneficial in regard to enhancing the size and biomass of B. platyphylla var. japonica seedlings. Analysis of the remote sensing vegetation indices and chlorophyll fluorescence responses used to assess the physiological characteristics of seedlings indicated that a dry-cold treatment period of 0-15 days was the most appropriate. Therefore, when the primary objective is to maximize germination success and seedling survival rates, a 30-day dry-cold treatment period is optimal. Conversely, if the goal is to enhance rapid seedling growth and improve physiological characteristics, a 15-day short-term dry-cold treatment period is the most suitable. These findings offer valuable guidance for selecting appropriate short-term dry-cold treatment periods to maximize germination success, post-germination growth, and physiological performance of B. platyphylla var. japonica seeds. - COLLAPSE
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Investigation of Germination Success, Post-germination Growth, and Physiological Characteristics of Betula platyphylla var. japonica Seeds Subjected to Various Short-term Dry-cold Treatment Periods
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Research Article
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Reliability Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation in Terms of the Maximum Instantaneous Wind Speed at Unobserved Areas using ASOS in Korea
대한민국 최신 종관기상관측 자료를 이용한 미관측지점 최대순간풍속의 공간보간 신뢰성 평가
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Jae won Eo, Yu yong Kim, Seong yoon Lim, Seok cheol Yu
어재원, 김유용, 임성윤, 유석철
- In this study, spatial interpolation was performed in terms of the maximum instantaneous wind speed in selected regions to generate climate maps …
- In this study, spatial interpolation was performed in terms of the maximum instantaneous wind speed in selected regions to generate climate maps and predict the attribute values of the unit regions. A simulation model was developed for 71 regions with observation data for 20 years from automated synoptic observing systems (ASOS). Seventeen areas in need of wind speed resetting according to the disaster prevention standards for special horticultural facilities were selected. The measured and predicted data were compared and evaluated. Among the kriging methods, the statistical reliability of the spherical model was found to be the highest, with the coefficient of determination (R2) reaching a maximum of 0.280 and the correlation coefficient (R) reaching a maximum of 0.529, which is within the median normal range. Kriging spatial interpolation predictions using synoptic meteorological station data that omitted the homogenization process and considered the characteristics of each terrain were found to have an appropriate level of correlation for application as the maximum instantaneous wind speed for calculating the wind load of a greenhouse with built-in sea-type facility specifications. Thus, an optimized greenhouse design will be possible through the application of regional wind speeds that can minimize the damage to greenhouses owing to typhoons. - COLLAPSE
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Reliability Evaluation of Spatial Interpolation in Terms of the Maximum Instantaneous Wind Speed at Unobserved Areas using ASOS in Korea
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Research Article
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Effects of Antagonistic on Acidovorax citrulli in Field Experiments
길항미생물을 활용한 Acidovorax citrulli의 생물적 방제 포장 실증시험
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Won Jun Chang, Hyun Seung Kim, Yun Seok Kim, Sang Woo Kim, Eun Jeong Byeon, Ji Min Woo, In Kyu Lee, Youn Su Lee
장원준, 김현승, 김윤석, 김상우, 변은정, 우지민, 이인규, 이윤수
- Acidovorax citrulli is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) disease in cucurbit plants worldwide. This pathogen can reside …
- Acidovorax citrulli is a plant pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial fruit blotch (BFB) disease in cucurbit plants worldwide. This pathogen can reside not only in the fruit but also in seeds, leading to infections in subsequent generations. Because research on A. citrulli has primarily been conducted through in vitro experiments, few studies have replicated real agricultural environments or investigated the effects on fruits and seeds. In this study, antagonistic bacteria (TIPL-6-1B, TIPL-8-1B) with high inhibitory ability against A. citrulli (140) were selected from in vitro experiments and used in field validation tests. Plants in open fields and greenhouses were inoculated with the pathogen (140) and treated with antagonistic bacteria (TIPL-6-1B, TIPL-8-1B). The incidence of BFB in fruits and the rate of infected seeds were significantly reduced in plants treated with the antagonistic bacteria, compared to those in the negative control group. These results suggest that an infection of A. citrulli strain (140) can be effectively suppressed by Bacillus velezensis strains (TIPL-6-1B, TIPL-8-1B) in actual agricultural settings, thereby benefiting watermelon cultivation. - COLLAPSE
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Effects of Antagonistic on Acidovorax citrulli in Field Experiments
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Research Article
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Application of the ISO 31000-based Quality Risk Management Process for the ISO 17025-Accredited Testing and Analysis Industry: Toward Enhanced Confidence in Safety and Quality in the Environmental, Agricultural, and Food Industries
ISO 17025 시험분석 산업군에 대한 ISO 31000 기반 품질 리스크 관리 프로세스 적용 사례: 환경산업 및 농식품 산업의 안전성과 품질에 대한 신뢰도 향상을 위하여
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Jong Myong Park, Su Yeon Hwang, Young Min Cho, Kyoung-Hwa Whang, Sun Young Park, Yeon-Ja Koh, Nam-Soo Jun, Wan-Soon Kwack
박종명, 황수연, 조영민, 황경화, 박선영, 고연자, 전남수, 곽완순
- This case study applies the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 31000 risk management process to reduce the quality risk of test analysis …
- This case study applies the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 31000 risk management process to reduce the quality risk of test analysis institutions closely related to the food, agriculture, and environmental industries. A standard operating procedure was adopted as a means of stipulating and implementing the risk management process: 1) procedures were developed so that the essential principles, frameworks, and processes required by ISO 31000 could be implemented and 2) implementation forms and programs for each procedure were developed as annexes. The production of implementation forms and risk treatment programs, ISO 22000 (Food Safety Management System) operating cases, and scientific publications related to risk management were analyzed and applied. An efficient documentation and reporting system reflecting the organizational situation was established to secure risk prevention and a quick response to risk occurrence. Validation and implementation evaluations were established as systemic verification procedures (initial, regular, diary, and special procedures). The Plan-Do-Check-Action (PDCA) cycle was applied to the continuous development of the risk treatment plan by adopting a repetitive cycle of risk treatment plan, monitoring, corrective action, and verification. The PDCA was designed with a dual structure reflecting the trends of ISO standards. Growth-seeking organizations are expected to be able to easily apply the risk management process through this case study, which provides examples of repeated verified risk management processes, detailed annexes for implementation, and scientific evidence. - COLLAPSE
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Application of the ISO 31000-based Quality Risk Management Process for the ISO 17025-Accredited Testing and Analysis Industry: Toward Enhanced Confidence in Safety and Quality in the Environmental, Agricultural, and Food Industries
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Research Article
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Protective Effects of Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Its Glycosides against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells
Kaempferol, Quercetin 및 그 배당체의 Hydrogen Peroxide에 의한 신경세포의 산화적 스트레스 보호 효과
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Ji Hyun Kim, Jine Shang Choi, Eun Ju Cho
김지현, 최진상, 조은주
- Oxidative stress in the brain is a well-known cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we investigated the …
- Oxidative stress in the brain is a well-known cause of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of flavonoids such as kaempferol (K), quercetin (Q), kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (KG), and quercetin-3-β-D-glucoside (QG) from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. Cell viability was confirmed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. To examine the neuroprotective mechanism, we measured the expression of apoptosis-related proteins such as caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) using western blotting. Compared with normal cells, treatment with H2O2 significantly decreased cell viability, whereas treatment with the four flavonoids increased cell viability compared with that of H2O2-treated control cells. In particular, treatment with Q led to an increase in cell viability from 65.32% to 94.37%, which was the strongest protective effect observed among the flavonoids. In addition, H2O2-treated cells induced apoptosis by upregulating cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and downregulating Bcl-2. However, flavonoid treatment attenuated neuronal apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related factors. Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside attenuated apoptosis by inhibiting Bax expression. Compared with the H2O2-treated control group, treatment with Q and QG downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, such as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. The results of this study indicate that the four flavonoids, K, KG, Q, and QG, attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress by regulating apoptosis-related factors in SH-SY5Y neuronal cells, suggesting that they are promising agents for oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases. - COLLAPSE
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Protective Effects of Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Its Glycosides against Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress in SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cells
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Research Article
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Predicting Lettuce Growth using the Artificial Intelligence Model XGBoost
XGBoost 인공지능 모델을 활용한 상추 생육 예측
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Bo Hyun Sung, Wonkyoung Lee, Shinjae Jeon, Jaehee Won, Young-Yeol Cho
성보현, 이원경, 전신재, 원재희, 조영열
- Predicting the impacts of changes in the cultivation environment on crop growth is crucial to enhancing farm management and ensuring income stability. …
- Predicting the impacts of changes in the cultivation environment on crop growth is crucial to enhancing farm management and ensuring income stability. We aimed to predict the growth of three lettuce varieties using the XGBoost artificial intelligence model. The three selected lettuce cultivars were ‘Ezatrix’, ‘Ezabel’ (Enza Zaden Co., Ltd., The Netherlands), and ‘Sunpungpochap’ (Kwonnong Co., Ltd., Korea). Cultivars were grown in a coir-based soil-free system. Environmental variables, including air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation, were measured at 1 min intervals using a HOBO data logger. The XGBoost artificial intelligence tool was employed to analyze key hyperparameters including n_estimators (number of boosting trees), learning_rate (learning rate), and max_depth (maximum depth of trees) being optimized. The environmental variables considered were air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity, and solar radiation. The growth of the three lettuce cultivars was predicted using the XGBoost model and model performance was validated through cross-validation. Outliers in growth measurements were identified and re-predicted using moving averages. Root mean square errors (RMSE) for shoot fresh weight of ‘Ezatrix’, ‘Ezabel’, and ‘Sunpungpochap’ cultivars were 0.913, 0.864, and 0.870, respectively. RMSE values for shoot dry weight were 0.901, 0.872, and 0.867, respectively. This study utilized the XGBoost model to predict the growth of three lettuce cultivars. Its results are expected to aid in developing crop management strategies and improving productivity. - COLLAPSE
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Predicting Lettuce Growth using the Artificial Intelligence Model XGBoost
Journal Informaiton
Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
Journal of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences
Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University
강원대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업생명과학연구원
1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Korea
Tel: +82-33-250-6408 / Fax: +82-33-259-5743 / E-mail: alsri@kangwon.ac.kr Copyright© Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University
Tel: +82-33-250-6408 / Fax: +82-33-259-5743 / E-mail: alsri@kangwon.ac.kr Copyright© Agriculture and Life Sciences Research Institute, Kangwon National University